RubyGems - rdf - Versions diffs - 3.2.12 → 3.3.0 - Mend

rdf 3.2.12 → 3.3.0

This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.

Files changed (25) hide show

checksums.yaml +4 -4
data/README.md +36 -34
data/VERSION +1 -1
data/lib/rdf/cli.rb +1 -1
data/lib/rdf/mixin/enumerable.rb +23 -2
data/lib/rdf/mixin/queryable.rb +1 -1
data/lib/rdf/mixin/writable.rb +5 -2
data/lib/rdf/model/dataset.rb +1 -1
data/lib/rdf/model/graph.rb +5 -2
data/lib/rdf/model/literal/decimal.rb +1 -1
data/lib/rdf/model/literal.rb +83 -31
data/lib/rdf/model/statement.rb +14 -1
data/lib/rdf/model/uri.rb +3 -3
data/lib/rdf/nquads.rb +0 -1
data/lib/rdf/ntriples/format.rb +0 -1
data/lib/rdf/ntriples/reader.rb +15 -14
data/lib/rdf/ntriples/writer.rb +2 -1
data/lib/rdf/ntriples.rb +2 -2
data/lib/rdf/query/solution.rb +1 -1
data/lib/rdf/reader.rb +7 -5
data/lib/rdf/repository.rb +4 -2
data/lib/rdf/util/cache.rb +1 -1
data/lib/rdf/vocab/rdfv.rb +11 -0
data/lib/rdf/writer.rb +3 -1
metadata +20 -56

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data/README.md CHANGED Viewed

@@ -14,26 +14,28 @@ This is a pure-Ruby library for working with [Resource Description Framework
 1. [Features](#features)
 2. [Differences between RDF 1.0 and RDF 1.1](#differences-between-rdf-1-0-and-rdf-1-1)
-3. [Tutorials](#tutorials)
-4. [Command Line](#command-line)
-5. [Examples](#examples)
-6. [Reader/Writer convenience methods](#reader/writer-convenience-methods)
-7. [RDF* (RDFStar)](#rdf*-(rdfstar))
-8. [Documentation](#documentation)
-9. [Dependencies](#dependencies)
-10. [Installation](#installation)
-11. [Download](#download)
-12. [Resources](#resources)
-13. [Mailing List](#mailing-list)
-14. [Authors](#authors)
-15. [Contributors](#contributors)
-16. [Contributing](#contributing)
-17. [License](#license)
+3. [Differences between RDF 1.1 and RDF 1.2](#differences-between-rdf-1-1-and-rdf-1-2)
+4. [Tutorials](#tutorials)
+5. [Command Line](#command-line)
+6. [Examples](#examples)
+7. [Reader/Writer convenience methods](#reader/writer-convenience-methods)
+8. [RDF 1.2](#rdf\_12)
+9. [Documentation](#documentation)
+10. [Dependencies](#dependencies)
+11. [Installation](#installation)
+12. [Download](#download)
+13. [Resources](#resources)
+14. [Mailing List](#mailing-list)
+15. [Authors](#authors)
+16. [Contributors](#contributors)
+17. [Contributing](#contributing)
+18. [License](#license)
 ## Features
 * 100% pure Ruby with minimal dependencies and no bloat.
 * Fully compatible with [RDF 1.1][] specifications.
+* Provisional support for [RDF 1.2][] specifications.
 * 100% free and unencumbered [public domain](https://unlicense.org/) software.
 * Provides a clean, well-designed RDF object model and related APIs.
 * Supports parsing and serializing [N-Triples][] and [N-Quads][] out of the box, with more
@@ -45,11 +47,10 @@ This is a pure-Ruby library for working with [Resource Description Framework
   not modify any of Ruby's core classes or standard library.
 * Based entirely on Ruby's autoloading, meaning that you can generally make
   use of any one part of the library without needing to load up the rest.
-* Compatible with Ruby Ruby >= 2.4, Rubinius and JRuby 9.0+.
-  * Note, changes in mapping hashes to keyword arguments for Ruby 2.7+ may require that arguments be passed more explicitly, especially when the first argument is a Hash and there are optional keyword arguments. In this case, Hash argument may need to be explicitly included within `{}` and the optional keyword arguments may need to be specified using `**{}` if there are no keyword arguments.
+* Compatible with Ruby Ruby >= 3.0, Rubinius and JRuby 9.0+.
+  * Note, changes in mapping hashes to keyword arguments for Ruby 3+ may require that arguments be passed more explicitly, especially when the first argument is a Hash and there are optional keyword arguments. In this case, Hash argument may need to be explicitly included within `{}` and the optional keyword arguments may need to be specified using `**{}` if there are no keyword arguments.
 * Performs auto-detection of input to select appropriate Reader class if one
   cannot be determined from file characteristics.
-* Provisional support for [RDF*][].
 ### HTTP requests
@@ -102,6 +103,10 @@ the 1.1 release of RDF.rb:
 Notably, {RDF::Queryable#query} and {RDF::Query#execute} are now completely symmetric; this allows an implementation of {RDF::Queryable} to optimize queries using implementation-specific logic, allowing for substantial performance improvements when executing BGP queries.
+## Differences between RDF 1.1 and RDF 1.2
+* {RDF::Literal} has an optional `direction` property for directional language-tagged strings.
+* Removes support for legacy `text/plain` (as an alias for `application/n-triples`) and `text/x-nquads` (as an alias for `application/n-quads`)
 ## Tutorials
 * [Getting data from the Semantic Web using Ruby and RDF.rb](https://semanticweb.org/wiki/Getting_data_from_the_Semantic_Web_%28Ruby%29)
@@ -260,15 +265,16 @@ A separate [SPARQL][SPARQL doc] gem builds on basic BGP support to provide full
     foaf[:name]   #=> RDF::URI("http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name")
     foaf['mbox']  #=> RDF::URI("http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/mbox")
-## RDF* (RDFStar)
+## RDF 1.2
-[RDF.rb][] includes provisional support for [RDF*][] with an N-Triples/N-Quads syntax extension that uses inline statements in the _subject_ or _object_ position.
+[RDF.rb][] includes provisional support for [RDF 1.2][] with an N-Triples/N-Quads syntax for quoted triples in the _subject_ or _object_ position.
+[RDF.rb][] includes provisional support for [RDF 1.2][] directional language-tagged strings, which are literals of type `rdf:dirLangString` having both a `language` and `direction`.
 Internally, an `RDF::Statement` is treated as another resource, along with `RDF::URI` and `RDF::Node`, which allows an `RDF::Statement` to have a `#subject` or `#object` which is also an `RDF::Statement`.
 **Note: This feature is subject to change or elimination as the standards process progresses.**
-### Serializing a Graph containing embedded statements
+### Serializing a Graph containing quoted triples
     require 'rdf/ntriples'
     statement = RDF::Statement(RDF::URI('bob'), RDF::Vocab::FOAF.age, RDF::Literal(23))
@@ -276,7 +282,7 @@ Internally, an `RDF::Statement` is treated as another resource, along with `RDF:
     graph.dump(:ntriples, validate: false)
     # => '<<<bob> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "23"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer>>> <ex:certainty> "0.9"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double> .'
-### Reading a Graph containing embedded statements
+### Reading a Graph containing quoted triples
 By default, the N-Triples reader will reject a document containing a subject resource.
@@ -286,13 +292,6 @@ By default, the N-Triples reader will reject a document containing a subject res
     end
     # => RDF::ReaderError
-Readers support a boolean valued `rdfstar` option.
-    graph = RDF::Graph.new do |graph|
-      RDF::NTriples::Reader.new(nt, rdfstar: true) {|reader| graph << reader}
-    end
-    graph.count #=> 1
 ## Documentation
 <https://ruby-rdf.github.io/rdf>
@@ -398,8 +397,9 @@ from BNode identity (i.e., they each entail the other)
 ## Dependencies
-* [Ruby](https://ruby-lang.org/) (>= 2.6)
+* [Ruby](https://ruby-lang.org/) (>= 3.0)
 * [LinkHeader][] (>= 0.0.8)
+* [bcp47_spec][] ( ~> 0.2)
 * Soft dependency on [RestClient][] (>= 2.1)
 ## Installation
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ from BNode identity (i.e., they each entail the other)
 The recommended installation method is via [RubyGems](https://rubygems.org/).
 To install the latest official release of RDF.rb, do:
-    % [sudo] gem install rdf             # Ruby 2.6+
+    % [sudo] gem install rdf             # Ruby 3+
 ## Download
@@ -481,8 +481,10 @@ This is free and unencumbered public domain software. For more information,
 see <https://unlicense.org/> or the accompanying {file:UNLICENSE} file.
 [RDF]:              https://www.w3.org/RDF/
-[N-Triples]:        https://www.w3.org/TR/n-triples/
-[N-Quads]:          https://www.w3.org/TR/n-quads/
+[LinkHeader]:     https://github.com/asplake/link_header
+[bcp47_spec]:   https://github.com/dadah89/bcp47_spec
+[N-Triples]:        https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-n-triples/
+[N-Quads]:          https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-n-quads/
 [YARD]:             https://yardoc.org/
 [YARD-GS]:          https://rubydoc.info/docs/yard/file/docs/GettingStarted.md
 [PDD]:              https://unlicense.org/#unlicensing-contributions
@@ -496,6 +498,7 @@ see <https://unlicense.org/> or the accompanying {file:UNLICENSE} file.
 [SPARQL doc]:       https://ruby-rdf.github.io/sparql
 [RDF 1.0]:          https://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/
 [RDF 1.1]:          https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/
+[RDF 1.2]:          https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf12-concepts/
 [SPARQL 1.1]:       https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/
 [RDF.rb]:           https://ruby-rdf.github.io/
 [RDF::DO]:          https://ruby-rdf.github.io/rdf-do
@@ -510,7 +513,6 @@ see <https://unlicense.org/> or the accompanying {file:UNLICENSE} file.
 [RDF::TriX]:        https://ruby-rdf.github.io/rdf-trix
 [RDF::Turtle]:      https://ruby-rdf.github.io/rdf-turtle
 [RDF::Raptor]:      https://ruby-rdf.github.io/rdf-raptor
-[RDF*]:             https://w3c.github.io/rdf-star/rdf-star-cg-spec.html
 [LinkedData]:       https://ruby-rdf.github.io/linkeddata
 [JSON::LD]:         https://ruby-rdf.github.io/json-ld
 [RestClient]:       https://rubygems.org/gems/rest-client

data/VERSION CHANGED Viewed

	@@ -1 +1 @@
1	- 3.2.12
1	+ 3.3.0

data/lib/rdf/cli.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ module RDF
   #         RDF::CLI::Option.new(
   #           symbol: :canonicalize,
   #           on: ["--canonicalize"],
-  #           description: "Canonicalize input/output.") {true},
+  #           description: "Canonicalize URI/literal forms.") {true},
   #         RDF::CLI::Option.new(
   #           symbol: :uri,
   #           on: ["--uri STRING"],

data/lib/rdf/mixin/enumerable.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -83,7 +83,8 @@ module RDF
     #   * `:literal_equality' preserves [term-equality](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#dfn-literal-term-equality) for literals. Literals are equal only if their lexical values and datatypes are equal, character by character. Literals may be "inlined" to value-space for efficiency only if `:literal_equality` is `false`.
     #   * `:validity` allows a concrete Enumerable implementation to indicate that it does or does not support valididty checking. By default implementations are assumed to support validity checking.
     #   * `:skolemize` supports [Skolemization](https://www.w3.org/wiki/BnodeSkolemization) of an `Enumerable`. Implementations supporting this feature must implement a `#skolemize` method, taking a base URI used for minting URIs for BNodes as stable identifiers and a `#deskolemize` method, also taking a base URI used for turning URIs having that prefix back into the same BNodes which were originally skolemized.
-    #   * `:rdfstar` supports RDF* where statements may be subjects or objects of other statements.
+    #   * `:quoted_triples` supports RDF 1.2 quoted triples.
+    #   * `:base_direction` supports RDF 1.2 directional language-tagged strings.
     #
     # @param  [Symbol, #to_sym] feature
     # @return [Boolean]
@@ -720,13 +721,33 @@ module RDF
     end
     alias_method :enum_graphs, :enum_graph
+    ##
+    # Enumerates each statement using its canonical representation.
+    #
+    # @note This is updated by `RDF::Normalize` to also canonicalize blank nodes.
+    #
+    # @return [RDF::Enumerable]
+    def canonicalize
+      this = self
+      Enumerable::Enumerator.new do |yielder|
+        this.send(:each_statement) {|y| yielder << y.canonicalize}
+      end
+    end
+    ##
+    # Mutating canonicalization not supported
+    #
+    # @raise NotImplementedError
+    def canonicalize!
+      raise NotImplementedError, "Canonicalizing enumerables not supported"
+    end
     ##
     # Returns all RDF statements in `self` as an array.
     #
     # Mixes in `RDF::Enumerable` into the returned object.
     #
     # @return [Array]
-    # @since  0.2.0
     def to_a
       super.extend(RDF::Enumerable)
     end

data/lib/rdf/mixin/queryable.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ module RDF
     # method in order to provide for storage-specific optimized triple
     # pattern matching.
     #
-    # ## RDFStar (RDF*)
+    # ## RDF-star
     #
     # Statements may have embedded statements as either a subject or object, recursively.
     #

data/lib/rdf/mixin/writable.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -127,8 +127,11 @@ module RDF
     def insert_statements(statements)
       each = statements.respond_to?(:each_statement) ? :each_statement : :each
       statements.__send__(each) do |statement|
-        if statement.embedded? && respond_to?(:supports?) && !supports?(:rdfstar)
-          raise ArgumentError, "Wriable does not support embedded statements"
+        if statement.embedded? && respond_to?(:supports?) && !supports?(:quoted_triples)
+          raise ArgumentError, "Writable does not support quoted triples"
+        end
+        if statement.object && statement.object.literal? && statement.object.direction? && !supports?(:base_direction)
+          raise ArgumentError, "Writable does not support directional languaged-tagged strings"
         end
         insert_statement(statement)
       end

data/lib/rdf/model/dataset.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ module RDF
     # @private
     # @see RDF::Enumerable#supports?
     def supports?(feature)
-      return true if %i(graph_name rdfstar).include?(feature)
+      return true if %i(graph_name quoted_triples).include?(feature)
       super
     end

data/lib/rdf/model/graph.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -305,8 +305,11 @@ module RDF
     # @private
     # @see RDF::Mutable#insert
     def insert_statement(statement)
-      if statement.embedded? && [email protected]?(:rdfstar)
-        raise ArgumentError, "Graph does not support embedded statements"
+      if statement.embedded? && [email protected]?(:quoted_triples)
+        raise ArgumentError, "Graph does not support quoted triples"
+      end
+      if statement.object && statement.object.literal? && statement.object.direction? &&  [email protected]?(:base_direction)
+        raise ArgumentError, "Graph does not support directional languaged-tagged strings"
       end
       statement = statement.dup
       statement.graph_name = graph_name

data/lib/rdf/model/literal/decimal.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ module RDF; class Literal
         when value.is_a?(::Numeric)    then BigDecimal(value)
         else
           value = value.to_s
-          value += "0" if value.end_with?(".")  # Normalization required in Ruby 2.4
+          value += "0" if value.end_with?(".")
           BigDecimal(value) rescue BigDecimal(0)
       end
     end

data/lib/rdf/model/literal.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 # -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
+require 'bcp47_spec'
 module RDF
   ##
   # An RDF literal.
@@ -9,7 +12,9 @@ module RDF
   #
   # Specific typed literals may have behavior different from the default implementation. See the following defined sub-classes for specific documentation. Additional sub-classes may be defined, and will interoperate by defining `DATATYPE` and `GRAMMAR` constants, in addition other required overrides of RDF::Literal behavior.
   #
-  # In RDF 1.1, all literals are typed, including plain literals and language tagged literals. Internally, plain literals are given the `xsd:string` datatype and language tagged literals are given the `rdf:langString` datatype. Creating a plain literal, without a datatype or language, will automatically provide the `xsd:string` datatype; similar for language tagged literals. Note that most serialization formats will remove this datatype. Code which depends on a literal having the `xsd:string` datatype being different from a plain literal (formally, without a datatype) may break. However note that the `#has\_datatype?` will continue to return `false` for plain or language-tagged literals.
+  # In RDF 1.1, all literals are typed, including plain literals and language-tagged strings. Internally, plain literals are given the `xsd:string` datatype and language-tagged strings are given the `rdf:langString` datatype. Creating a plain literal, without a datatype or language, will automatically provide the `xsd:string` datatype; similar for language-tagged strings. Note that most serialization formats will remove this datatype. Code which depends on a literal having the `xsd:string` datatype being different from a plain literal (formally, without a datatype) may break. However note that the `#has\_datatype?` will continue to return `false` for plain or language-tagged strings.
+  #
+  # RDF 1.2 adds **directional language-tagged strings** which are effectively a subclass of **language-tagged strings** contining an additional **direction** component with value either **ltr** or **rtl** for Left-to-Right or Right-to-Left. This determines the general direction of a string when presented in n a user agent, where it might be in conflict with the inherent direction of the leading Unicode code points. Directional language-tagged strings are given the `rdf:langString` datatype.
   #
   # * {RDF::Literal::Boolean}
   # * {RDF::Literal::Date}
@@ -23,16 +28,23 @@ module RDF
   #   value = RDF::Literal.new("Hello, world!")
   #   value.plain?                                   #=> true`
   #
-  # @example Creating a language-tagged literal (1)
+  # @example Creating a language-tagged string (1)
   #   value = RDF::Literal.new("Hello!", language: :en)
   #   value.language?                                #=> true
   #   value.language                                 #=> :en
   #
-  # @example Creating a language-tagged literal (2)
+  # @example Creating a language-tagged string (2)
   #   RDF::Literal.new("Wazup?", language: :"en-US")
   #   RDF::Literal.new("Hej!",   language: :sv)
   #   RDF::Literal.new("¡Hola!", language: :es)
   #
+  # @example Creating a directional language-tagged string
+  #   value = RDF::Literal.new("Hello!", language: :en, direction: :ltr)
+  #   value.language?                                #=> true
+  #   value.language                                 #=> :en
+  #   value.direction?                               #=> true
+  #   value.direction                                #=> :ltr
+  #
   # @example Creating an explicitly datatyped literal
   #   value = RDF::Literal.new("2009-12-31", datatype: RDF::XSD.date)
   #   value.datatype?                                #=> true
@@ -105,8 +117,14 @@ module RDF
     ##
     # @private
-    def self.new(value, language: nil, datatype: nil, lexical: nil, validate: false, canonicalize: false, **options)
-      raise ArgumentError, "datatype with language must be rdf:langString" if language && (datatype || RDF.langString).to_s != RDF.langString.to_s
+    def self.new(value, language: nil, datatype: nil, direction: nil, lexical: nil, validate: false, canonicalize: false, **options)
+      if language && direction
+        raise ArgumentError, "datatype with language and direction must be rdf:dirLangString" if (datatype || RDF.dirLangString).to_s != RDF.dirLangString.to_s
+      elsif language
+        raise ArgumentError, "datatype with language must be rdf:langString" if (datatype || RDF.langString).to_s != RDF.langString.to_s
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "datatype not compatible with language or direction" if language || direction
+      end
       klass = case
         when !self.equal?(RDF::Literal)
@@ -128,7 +146,7 @@ module RDF
         end
       end
       literal = klass.allocate
-      literal.send(:initialize, value, language: language, datatype: datatype, **options)
+      literal.send(:initialize, value, language: language, datatype: datatype, direction: direction, **options)
       literal.validate!     if validate
       literal.canonicalize! if canonicalize
       literal
@@ -137,18 +155,24 @@ module RDF
     TRUE  = RDF::Literal.new(true)
     FALSE = RDF::Literal.new(false)
     ZERO  = RDF::Literal.new(0)
+    XSD_STRING = RDF::URI("http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string")
-    # @return [Symbol] The language tag (optional).
+    # @return [Symbol] The language-tag (optional). Implies `datatype` is `rdf:langString`.
     attr_accessor :language
+    # @return [Symbol] The base direction (optional). Implies `datatype` is `rdf:dirLangString`.
+    attr_accessor :direction
     # @return [URI] The XML Schema datatype URI (optional).
     attr_accessor :datatype
     ##
-    # Literals without a datatype are given either xsd:string or rdf:langString
-    # depending on if there is language
+    # Literals without a datatype are given either `xsd:string`, `rdf:langString`, or `rdf:dirLangString`,
+    # depending on if there is `language` and/or `direction`.
     #
     # @param  [Object] value
+    # @param  [Symbol]  direction (nil)
+    #   Initial text direction.
     # @param  [Symbol]  language (nil)
     #   Language is downcased to ensure proper matching
     # @param [String]  lexical (nil)
@@ -163,16 +187,24 @@ module RDF
     # @see http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-Graph-Literal
     # @see http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-Datatypes
     # @see #to_s
-    def initialize(value, language: nil, datatype: nil, lexical: nil, validate: false, canonicalize: false, **options)
+    def initialize(value, language: nil, datatype: nil, direction: nil, lexical: nil, validate: false, canonicalize: false, **options)
       @object   = value.freeze
       @string   = lexical if lexical
       @string   = value if !defined?(@string) && value.is_a?(String)
       @string   = @string.encode(Encoding::UTF_8).freeze if instance_variable_defined?(:@string)
       @object   = @string if instance_variable_defined?(:@string) && @object.is_a?(String)
       @language = language.to_s.downcase.to_sym if language
+      @direction = direction.to_s.downcase.to_sym if direction
       @datatype = RDF::URI(datatype).freeze if datatype
       @datatype ||= self.class.const_get(:DATATYPE) if self.class.const_defined?(:DATATYPE)
-      @datatype ||= instance_variable_defined?(:@language) && @language ? RDF.langString : RDF::URI("http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string")
+      @datatype ||= if instance_variable_defined?(:@language) && @language &&
+                       instance_variable_defined?(:@direction) && @direction
+        RDF.dirLangString
+      elsif instance_variable_defined?(:@language) && @language
+        RDF.langString
+      else
+        XSD_STRING
+      end
     end
     ##
@@ -202,8 +234,8 @@ module RDF
     #
     # Compatibility of two arguments is defined as:
     # * The arguments are simple literals or literals typed as xsd:string
-    # * The arguments are plain literals with identical language tags
-    # * The first argument is a plain literal with language tag and the second argument is a simple literal or literal typed as xsd:string
+    # * The arguments are plain literals with identical language-tags and directions
+    # * The first argument is a plain literal with language-tag and the second argument is a simple literal or literal typed as xsd:string
     #
     # @example
     #     compatible?("abc"	"b")                         #=> true
@@ -224,11 +256,11 @@ module RDF
       return false unless other.literal? && plain? && other.plain?
       # * The arguments are simple literals or literals typed as xsd:string
-      # * The arguments are plain literals with identical language tags
-      # * The first argument is a plain literal with language tag and the second argument is a simple literal or literal typed as xsd:string
-      language? ?
-        (language == other.language || other.datatype == RDF::URI("http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string")) :
-        other.datatype == RDF::URI("http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string")
+      # * The arguments are plain literals with identical language-tags
+      # * The first argument is a plain literal with language-tag and the second argument is a simple literal or literal typed as xsd:string
+      language? || direction? ?
+        (language == other.language && direction == other.direction || other.datatype == XSD_STRING) :
+        other.datatype == XSD_STRING
     end
     ##
@@ -236,7 +268,7 @@ module RDF
     #
     # @return [Integer]
     def hash
-      @hash ||= [to_s, datatype, language].hash
+      @hash ||= [to_s, datatype, language, direction].compact.hash
     end
@@ -270,6 +302,7 @@ module RDF
          self.value_hash == other.value_hash &&
          self.value.eql?(other.value) &&
          self.language.to_s.eql?(other.language.to_s) &&
+         self.direction.to_s.eql?(other.direction.to_s) &&
          self.datatype.eql?(other.datatype))
     end
@@ -290,7 +323,10 @@ module RDF
         case
         when self.eql?(other)
           true
-        when self.language? && self.language.to_s == other.language.to_s
+        when self.direction? && self.direction == other.direction
+          # Literals with directions can compare if languages and directions are identical
+          self.value_hash == other.value_hash && self.value == other.value
+        when self.language? && self.language == other.language
           # Literals with languages can compare if languages are identical
           self.value_hash == other.value_hash && self.value == other.value
         when self.simple? && other.simple?
@@ -342,14 +378,18 @@ module RDF
     ##
     # Returns `true` if this is a plain literal. A plain literal
-    # may have a language, but may not have a datatype. For
+    # may have a language and direction, but may not have a datatype. For
     # all practical purposes, this includes xsd:string literals
     # too.
     #
     # @return [Boolean] `true` or `false`
     # @see http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/#dfn-plain-literal
     def plain?
-      [RDF.langString, RDF::URI("http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string")].include?(datatype)
+      [
+        RDF.langString,
+        RDF.dirLangString,
+        XSD_STRING
+      ].include?(datatype)
     end
     ##
@@ -359,19 +399,28 @@ module RDF
     # @return [Boolean] `true` or `false`
     # @see http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/#simple_literal
     def simple?
-      datatype == RDF::URI("http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string")
+      datatype == XSD_STRING
     end
     ##
-    # Returns `true` if this is a language-tagged literal.
+    # Returns `true` if this is a language-tagged string.
     #
     # @return [Boolean] `true` or `false`
-    # @see http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/#dfn-plain-literal
+    # @see https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/#dfn-language-tagged-string
     def language?
-      datatype == RDF.langString
+      [RDF.langString, RDF.dirLangString].include?(datatype)
     end
     alias_method :has_language?, :language?
+    ##
+    # Returns `true` if this is a directional language-tagged string.
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean] `true` or `false`
+    # @see https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/#dfn-dir-lang-string
+    def direction?
+      datatype == RDF.dirLangString
+    end
     ##
     # Returns `true` if this is a datatyped literal.
     #
@@ -380,7 +429,7 @@ module RDF
     # @return [Boolean] `true` or `false`
     # @see http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/#dfn-typed-literal
     def datatype?
-      !plain? && !language?
+      !plain? && !language? && !direction?
     end
     alias_method :has_datatype?,  :datatype?
     alias_method :typed?,         :datatype?
@@ -393,10 +442,13 @@ module RDF
     # @return [Boolean] `true` or `false`
     # @since  0.2.1
     def valid?
-      return false if language? && language.to_s !~ /^[a-zA-Z]{1,8}(-[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,8})*$/
+      BCP47.parse(language.to_s) if language?
+      return false if direction? && !%i{ltr rtl}.include?(direction)
       return false if datatype? && datatype.invalid?
       grammar = self.class.const_get(:GRAMMAR) rescue nil
       grammar.nil? || value.match?(grammar)
+    rescue BCP47::InvalidLanguageTag
+      false
     end
     ##
@@ -536,12 +588,12 @@ module RDF
     ##
     # @overload #to_str
-    #   This method is implemented when the datatype is `xsd:string` or `rdf:langString`
+    #   This method is implemented when the datatype is `xsd:string`, `rdf:langString`, or `rdf:dirLangString`
     #   @return [String]
     def method_missing(name, *args)
       case name
       when :to_str
-        return to_s if @datatype == RDF.langString || @datatype == RDF::URI("http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string")
+        return to_s if [RDF.langString, RDF.dirLangString, XSD_STRING].include?(@datatype)
       end
       super
     end
@@ -549,7 +601,7 @@ module RDF
     def respond_to_missing?(name, include_private = false)
       case name
       when :to_str
-        return true if @datatype == RDF.langString || @datatype == RDF::URI("http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string")
+        return true if [RDF.langString, RDF.dirLangString, XSD_STRING].include?(@datatype)
       end
       super
     end

data/lib/rdf/model/statement.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ module RDF
     ##
     # Returns `true` if any element of the statement is, itself, a statement.
     #
+    # Note: Nomenclature is evolving, alternatives could include `#complex?` and `#nested?`
     # @return [Boolean]
     def embedded?
       subject && subject.statement? || object && object.statement?
@@ -410,7 +411,7 @@ module RDF
     end
     ##
-    # Canonicalizes each unfrozen term in the statement
+    # Canonicalizes each unfrozen term in the statement.
     #
     # @return [RDF::Statement] `self`
     # @since  1.0.8
@@ -436,6 +437,18 @@ module RDF
       nil
     end
+    # New statement with duplicated components (other than blank nodes)
+    #
+    # @return [RDF::Statement]
+    def dup
+      options = Hash[@options]
+      options[:subject] = subject.is_a?(RDF::Node) ? subject : subject.dup
+      options[:predicate] = predicate.dup
+      options[:object] = object.is_a?(RDF::Node) ? object : object.dup
+      options[:graph_name] = graph_name.is_a?(RDF::Node) ? graph_name : graph_name.dup if graph_name
+      RDF::Statement.new(options)
+    end
     ##
     # Returns the terms of this statement as a `Hash`.
     #

data/lib/rdf/model/uri.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ module RDF
     # (see #initialize)
     # @return [RDF::URI] an immutable, frozen URI object
     def self.intern(str, *args, **options)
-      (cache[(str = str.to_s).to_sym] ||= self.new(str.to_s, *args, **options)).freeze
+      (cache[(str = str.to_s).to_sym] ||= self.new(str, *args, **options)).freeze
     end
     ##
@@ -716,8 +716,8 @@ module RDF
     ##
     # @private
     def freeze
-      @mutex.synchronize do
-        unless frozen?
+      unless frozen?
+        @mutex.synchronize do
           # Create derived components
           authority; userinfo; user; password; host; port
           @value  = value.freeze

data/lib/rdf/nquads.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ module RDF
     class Format < RDF::Format
       content_type     'application/n-quads',
                        extension: :nq,
-                       alias: 'text/x-nquads;q=0.2',
                        uri: RDF::URI("http://www.w3.org/ns/formats/N-Quads")
       content_encoding 'utf-8'

data/lib/rdf/ntriples/format.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ module RDF::NTriples
   class Format < RDF::Format
     content_type     'application/n-triples',
                      extension: :nt,
-                     alias: 'text/plain;q=0.2',
                      uri: RDF::URI("http://www.w3.org/ns/formats/N-Triples")
     content_encoding 'utf-8'

data/lib/rdf/ntriples/reader.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ module RDF::NTriples
   #     end
   #   end
   #
-  # ** RDFStar (RDF*)
+  # ** RDF=star
   #
   # Supports statements as resources using `<<s p o>>`.
   #
@@ -60,24 +60,16 @@ module RDF::NTriples
     U_CHARS2         = Regexp.compile("\\u00B7|[\\u0300-\\u036F]|[\\u203F-\\u2040]").freeze
     IRI_RANGE        = Regexp.compile("[[^<>\"{}\|\^`\\\\]&&[^\\x00-\\x20]]").freeze
-    # 163s
     PN_CHARS_BASE        = /[A-Z]|[a-z]|#{U_CHARS1}/.freeze
-    # 164s
     PN_CHARS_U           = /_|#{PN_CHARS_BASE}/.freeze
-    # 166s
     PN_CHARS             = /-|[0-9]|#{PN_CHARS_U}|#{U_CHARS2}/.freeze
-    # 159s
     ECHAR                = /\\[tbnrf"'\\]/.freeze
-    # 18
     IRIREF               = /<((?:#{IRI_RANGE}|#{UCHAR})*)>/.freeze
-    # 141s
     BLANK_NODE_LABEL     = /_:((?:[0-9]|#{PN_CHARS_U})(?:(?:#{PN_CHARS}|\.)*#{PN_CHARS})?)/.freeze
-    # 144s
-    LANGTAG              = /@([a-zA-Z]+(?:-[a-zA-Z0-9]+)*)/.freeze
-    # 22
+    LANG_DIR             = /@([a-zA-Z]+(?:-[a-zA-Z0-9]+)*(?:--[a-zA-Z]+)?)/.freeze
     STRING_LITERAL_QUOTE = /"((?:[^\"\\\n\r]|#{ECHAR}|#{UCHAR})*)"/.freeze
-    # RDF*
     ST_START              = /^<</.freeze
     ST_END                = /^\s*>>/.freeze
@@ -86,7 +78,7 @@ module RDF::NTriples
     NODEID                = /^#{BLANK_NODE_LABEL}/.freeze
     URIREF                = /^#{IRIREF}/.freeze
     LITERAL_PLAIN         = /^#{STRING_LITERAL_QUOTE}/.freeze
-    LITERAL_WITH_LANGUAGE = /^#{STRING_LITERAL_QUOTE}#{LANGTAG}/.freeze
+    LITERAL_WITH_LANGUAGE = /^#{STRING_LITERAL_QUOTE}#{LANG_DIR}/.freeze
     LITERAL_WITH_DATATYPE = /^#{STRING_LITERAL_QUOTE}\^\^#{IRIREF}/.freeze
     DATATYPE_URI          = /^\^\^#{IRIREF}/.freeze
     LITERAL               = Regexp.union(LITERAL_WITH_LANGUAGE, LITERAL_WITH_DATATYPE, LITERAL_PLAIN).freeze
@@ -95,6 +87,9 @@ module RDF::NTriples
     OBJECT                = Regexp.union(URIREF, NODEID, LITERAL).freeze
     END_OF_STATEMENT      = /^\s*\.\s*(?:#.*)?$/.freeze
+    # LANGTAG is deprecated
+    LANGTAG               = LANG_DIR
     ##
     # Reconstructs an RDF value from its serialized N-Triples
     # representation.
@@ -299,8 +294,10 @@ module RDF::NTriples
       if literal_str = match(LITERAL_PLAIN)
         literal_str = self.class.unescape(literal_str)
         literal = case
-          when language = match(LANGTAG)
-            RDF::Literal.new(literal_str, language: language)
+          when lang_dir = match(LANG_DIR)
+            language, direction = lang_dir.split('--')
+            raise ArgumentError if direction && !@options[:rdfstar]
+            RDF::Literal.new(literal_str, language: language, direction: direction)
           when datatype = match(/^(\^\^)/) # FIXME
             RDF::Literal.new(literal_str, datatype: read_uriref || fail_object)
           else
@@ -310,6 +307,10 @@ module RDF::NTriples
         literal.canonicalize! if canonicalize?
         literal
       end
+    rescue ArgumentError
+      v = literal_str
+      v += "@#{lang_dir}" if lang_dir
+      log_error("Invalid Literal (found: \"#{v}\")", lineno: lineno, token: "#v", exception: RDF::ReaderError)
     end
     ##

data/lib/rdf/ntriples/writer.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ module RDF::NTriples
     end
     ##
-    # Returns the N-Triples representation of an RDF* reified statement.
+    # Returns the N-Triples representation of an RDF-star quoted triple.
     #
     # @param  [RDF::Statement] statement
     # @param  [Hash{Symbol => Object}] options ({})
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ module RDF::NTriples
           # Note, escaping here is more robust than in Term
           text = quoted(escaped(literal.value))
           text << "@#{literal.language}" if literal.language?
+          text << "--#{literal.direction}" if literal.direction?
           text << "^^<#{uri_for(literal.datatype)}>" if literal.datatype?
           text
         else

data/lib/rdf/ntriples.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ module RDF
   # [Turtle](http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/turtle/) and
   # [Notation3](http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/n3/) (N3).
   #
-  # The MIME content type for N-Triples files is `text/plain` and the
+  # The MIME content type for N-Triples files is `application/n-triples` and the
   # recommended file extension is `.nt`.
   #
   # An example of an RDF statement in N-Triples format:
   #
   #     <https://rubygems.org/gems/rdf> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/title> "rdf" .
   #
-  # ## RDFStar (RDF*)
+  # ## Quoted Triples
   #
   # Supports statements as resources using `<<s p o>>`.
   #

data/lib/rdf/query/solution.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class RDF::Query
     # Merges the bindings from the given `other` query solution into this
     # one, overwriting any existing ones having the same name.
     #
-    # ## RDFStar (RDF*)
+    # ## RDF-star
     #
     # If merging a binding for a statement to a pattern,
     # merge their embedded solutions.

data/lib/rdf/reader.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ module RDF
           on: ["--canonicalize"],
           control: :checkbox,
           default: false,
-          description: "Canonicalize input/output.") {true},
+          description: "Canonicalize URI/literal forms") {true},
         RDF::CLI::Option.new(
           symbol: :encoding,
           datatype: Encoding,
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ module RDF
           datatype: TrueClass,
           control: :checkbox,
           on: ["--rdfstar"],
-          description: "Parse RDF*."),
+          description: "Parse RDF-star for preliminary RDF 1.2 support."),
         RDF::CLI::Option.new(
           symbol: :validate,
           datatype: TrueClass,
@@ -271,13 +271,13 @@ module RDF
     #   the base URI to use when resolving relative URIs (not supported by
     #   all readers)
     # @param [Boolean]  canonicalize (false)
-    #   whether to canonicalize parsed literals
+    #   whether to canonicalize parsed URIs and Literals.
     # @param [Encoding] encoding     (Encoding::UTF_8)
     #   the encoding of the input stream
     # @param [Boolean]  intern       (true)
     #   whether to intern all parsed URIs
     # @param [Boolean] rdfstar      (false)
-    #   support parsing RDF* statement resources.
+    #   Preliminary support for RDF 1.2.
     # @param [Hash]     prefixes     (Hash.new)
     #   the prefix mappings to use (not supported by all readers)
     # @param  [Hash{Symbol => Object}] options
@@ -608,7 +608,9 @@ module RDF
     end
     ##
-    # Returns `true` if parsed values should be canonicalized.
+    # Returns `true` if parsed values should be in canonical form.
+    #
+    # @note This is for term canonicalization, for graph/dataset canonicalization use `RDF::Normalize`.
     #
     # @return [Boolean] `true` or `false`
     # @since  0.3.0

data/lib/rdf/repository.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -182,7 +182,8 @@ module RDF
       when :validity         then @options.fetch(:with_validity, true)
       when :literal_equality then true
       when :atomic_write     then false
-      when :rdfstar          then false
+      when :quoted_triples   then false
+      when :base_direction   then false
       when :snapshots        then false
       else false
       end
@@ -269,7 +270,8 @@ module RDF
         when :validity         then @options.fetch(:with_validity, true)
         when :literal_equality then true
         when :atomic_write     then true
-        when :rdfstar          then true
+        when :quoted_triples   then true
+        when :base_direction   then true
         when :snapshots        then true
         else false
         end

data/lib/rdf/util/cache.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ module RDF; module Util
     ##
     # This implementation uses the `WeakRef` class from Ruby's standard
-    # library, and provides adequate performance on JRuby and on Ruby 2.x.
+    # library, and provides adequate performance on JRuby and on Ruby 3.x.
     #
     # @see http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.2.0/libdoc/weakref/rdoc/WeakRef.html
     class WeakRefCache < Cache

data/lib/rdf/vocab/rdfv.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -92,6 +92,10 @@ module RDF
   #     # @return [RDF::Vocabulary::Term]
   #     # @attr_reader :langString
   #
+  #     # The datatype of directional language-tagged string values.
+  #     # @return [RDF::Vocabulary::Term]
+  #     # @attr_reader :dirLangString
+  #
   #     # RDF/XML node element.
   #     # @return [RDF::Vocabulary::Term]
   #     # @attr_reader :Description
@@ -283,6 +287,13 @@ module RDF
       "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso": %(http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-Graph-Literal).freeze,
       subClassOf: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal".freeze,
       type: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Datatype".freeze
+    term :dirLangString,
+      comment: %(The datatype of directional language-tagged string values).freeze,
+      label: "dirLangString".freeze,
+      isDefinedBy: %(http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#).freeze,
+      "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso": %(http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/#section-Graph-Literal).freeze,
+      subClassOf: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal".freeze,
+      type: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Datatype".freeze
     # Extra definitions
    term :Description,

data/lib/rdf/writer.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -392,7 +392,9 @@ module RDF
     end
     ##
-    # Returns `true` if terms should be canonicalized.
+    # Returns `true` if terms should be in canonical form.
+    #
+    # @note This is for term canonicalization, for graph/dataset canonicalization use `RDF::Normalize`.
     #
     # @return [Boolean] `true` or `false`
     # @since  1.0.8

metadata CHANGED Viewed

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: rdf
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 3.2.12
+  version: 3.3.0
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - Arto Bendiken
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ authors:
 autorequire:
 bindir: bin
 cert_chain: []
-date: 2024-08-04 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+date: 2023-08-26 00:00:00.000000000 Z
 dependencies:
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: link_header
@@ -33,13 +33,24 @@ dependencies:
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
         version: 0.0.8
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
-  name: rdf-spec
+  name: bcp47_spec
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
     - - "~>"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '3.2'
-    - - "<"
+        version: '0.2'
+  type: :runtime
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0.2'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: rdf-spec
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
         version: '3.3'
   type: :development
@@ -47,9 +58,6 @@ dependencies:
   version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
     - - "~>"
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '3.2'
-    - - "<"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
         version: '3.3'
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
@@ -57,9 +65,6 @@ dependencies:
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
     - - "~>"
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '3.2'
-    - - "<"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
         version: '3.3'
   type: :development
@@ -67,9 +72,6 @@ dependencies:
   version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
     - - "~>"
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '3.2'
-    - - "<"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
         version: '3.3'
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
@@ -77,9 +79,6 @@ dependencies:
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
     - - "~>"
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '3.2'
-    - - "<"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
         version: '3.3'
   type: :development
@@ -87,9 +86,6 @@ dependencies:
   version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
     - - "~>"
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '3.2'
-    - - "<"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
         version: '3.3'
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
@@ -97,12 +93,6 @@ dependencies:
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
     - - "~>"
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '3.2'
-    - - ">="
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: 3.2.1
-    - - "<"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
         version: '3.3'
   type: :development
@@ -110,12 +100,6 @@ dependencies:
   version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
     - - "~>"
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '3.2'
-    - - ">="
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: 3.2.1
-    - - "<"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
         version: '3.3'
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
@@ -160,40 +144,20 @@ dependencies:
     - - "~>"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
         version: '1.3'
-- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
-  name: sxp
-  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
-    requirements:
-    - - "~>"
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '1.2'
-    - - "<"
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '1.3'
-  type: :development
-  prerelease: false
-  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
-    requirements:
-    - - "~>"
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '1.2'
-    - - "<"
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '1.3'
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: webmock
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
     - - "~>"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '3.18'
+        version: '3.19'
   type: :development
   prerelease: false
   version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
     - - "~>"
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '3.18'
+        version: '3.19'
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: yard
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
@@ -331,14 +295,14 @@ required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
   requirements:
   - - ">="
     - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-      version: '2.6'
+      version: '3.0'
 required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
   requirements:
   - - ">="
     - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
       version: '0'
 requirements: []
-rubygems_version: 3.2.33
+rubygems_version: 3.4.19
 signing_key:
 specification_version: 4
 summary: A Ruby library for working with Resource Description Framework (RDF) data.